HSC Explained 3: Subject Selection, Prerequisites, and Dropping Subjects

By Notes2u

Contents

Subject Selection—How to Choose the Right Subjects

Choosing the right subjects is crucial, and there are many factors to consider (besides simply adding up to 12 in Year 11 and 10 in Year 12!). As a general rule, scaling should be considered, alongside the student’s passion for that subject, career goals, previous marks, and capacity to improve in that subject. Let’s take a deeper dive into it! Here’s what to consider:

  1. Your Passion and Learning Goals: Start by identifying what you genuinely enjoy and what you perform well in. If you naturally read about a subject in your free time or find yourself excelling in it without too much effort, it’s likely a good choice.
  2. Your Career Aspirations: If you have a specific career path in mind, choose subjects that align with it. Some university courses have prerequisites, while others strongly recommend certain subjects.
    • Medicine → Biology, Chemistry
    • Law → Legal Studies, Advanced English
    • Engineering → Physics, Extension Maths
    • Computer Science → Software Design, Extension Maths
  3. Scaling Considerations: If you’re unsure between two subjects that you like equally, consider their scaling. Since all subjects are aligned and moderated, choosing a subject that scales higher can sometimes be beneficial, as it reflects the average difficulty level of students taking it. However, scaling should never be the primary factor—your interest and ability matter most.
  4. Diversification: Many people express the importance of a “diversified” timetable, taking a lesson from hedge fund managers and applying it to high school! It’s certainly true that having a balanced range of subjects and difficulty levels (humanities, STEM subjects, standard subjects, advanced, and extension subjects) alleviates the tedium and repetitiveness of exam season, allows for more flexibility in career choices, and also allows for a broader range of knowledge that will stay with you outside of school.
  5. Smart Workload Alignment: Sometimes, however, studying similar subjects with learning outcomes that complement each other is a better way to significantly increase your skills (and hence marks!) in both subjects for less effort. For example, studying both Modern and Ancient History (and maybe even History Extension in Year 12) could allow you to reuse skills in historical analysis, collecting evidence, and essay exemplars/scaffolds across both subjects, saving you time and simultaneously increasing the quality of your work. It’s up to you to account for your skills, personal preferences, and study strategies when you’re considering whether you prefer variety (the spice of life) or routine (the key to success).

When planning HSC subject selections, it’s also important to look ahead to university (if you’re planning to study a particular course) and understand the difference between prerequisites and recommended studies for university courses. While both can influence your university experience, they serve different purposes and should be weighed carefully when making decisions about your future.

  • Prerequisites are subjects that universities require you to have completed in order to be eligible for certain degrees. If you haven’t studied them, you won’t meet the entry requirements, no matter how high your ATAR is.
  • Recommended Studies are subjects that aren’t required for entry but will help you succeed in the course. Universities suggest them because they provide foundational knowledge that can make your studies easier.

How Seriously Should You Take Them?

  • Prerequisites are non-negotiable—if a university mandates a subject, you must have completed it or take a bridging course (if one is available) before starting the degree.
  • Recommended studies are flexible—while helpful, they aren’t strictly necessary, and you can usually catch up on content during your degree. However, ignoring them could make the first year of uni a bit harder.
  • Medicine & Dentistry (USYD, UNSW, WSU, CSU)
    • Prerequisites: None (but UCAT and interviews are required).
    • Recommended Studies: Chemistry, Biology, Advanced/Extension Maths.
  • Law (USYD, UNSW, MQ, UTS, UON, WSU, Wollongong)
    • Prerequisites: None.
    • Recommended Studies: English Advanced.
  • Engineering (UNSW, USYD, UTS, UON, WSU, MQ, CSU)
    • Prerequisites: Mathematics Advanced (UNSW requires at least this; USYD requires Mathematics Extension 1 for some specialisations).
    • Recommended Studies: Mathematics Extension 1, Physics.
  • Commerce & Business (USYD, UNSW, UTS, MQ, WSU, UON, CSU, Wollongong)
    • Prerequisites: None.
    • Recommended Studies: Mathematics Advanced (required for some finance/economics majors).
  • Computer Science/IT (UNSW, USYD, UTS, MQ, WSU, UON, CSU, Wollongong)
    • Prerequisites: Mathematics Advanced (sometimes Mathematics Extension 1 for USYD/UNSW).
    • Recommended Studies: Software Design & Development, Mathematics Extension 1.

Bridging Courses—Your Safety Net

If you don’t meet a university’s prerequisite requirements, you may need to take a bridging course before your degree starts. These short, intensive courses (usually held in summer) cover essential content to help you catch up.

Most NSW universities offer bridging courses, including:

  • UNSW & USYD – Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology.
  • UTS – Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry.
  • Macquarie & WSU – Mathematics and Science bridging options.

Should You Pick a Prerequisite Subject Even If You Struggle With It?

If you’re set on a university course that has prerequisites, it’s best to try taking the required subject in high school. However, if you think it will drag your marks down and hurt your ATAR, a bridging course is much easier to tackle than a bad ATAR or burnout!

A Final Word—Are You Sure About Your Career Choice?

If you absolutely hate a subject that’s a prerequisite for your dream course, it’s worth reconsidering if that degree is truly for you. Prerequisites exist for a reason—they reflect what you’ll be studying for at least 3-5 years at uni (and likely in your future career). If you despise physics but want to be an engineer, or dislike biology but plan on doing medicine, it’s important to reflect on whether that field is the right fit for you in the long run.

Dropping Subjects – A Sound Strategy

There are many different approaches to dropping subjects, and opinions vary on both when and what to drop. Ultimately, the best decision depends on individual circumstances, including workload, strengths, career aspirations, and subject enjoyment.

When to Drop a Subject

Deciding when to drop a subject depends on whether you want to keep your total number of units the same or reduce your overall workload.

  • If you intend to keep your total units the same, a good rule of thumb is to drop a subject when you pick up another. This is particularly relevant for students taking extension subjects, as these are often introduced in Year 12.
    • For example, if you take 3U English and 3U Maths in Year 11, you might decide to either:
      • Pick up 4U Maths and drop down to 2U English, or
      • Pick up 4U English and drop down to 2U Maths.
    • Similarly, if you take 3U English and 4U Maths in Year 12 and wish to study Science Extension (+1), you might drop a 2U subject to balance your workload.
  • If you want to lighten your load, it is often a smart strategy to start Year 11 with more subjects and drop some in Year 12. This allows you to keep a buffer in case you discover that you dislike or struggle with a particular subject. Many students start with 12-14 units in Year 11 and gradually reduce to 10–12 units in Year 12 to focus on their strongest subjects.

On the other hand, it is a good idea to study at least 12 units for the HSC - that way, if you underperform in a particular subject, or strongly dislike it in later parts of the course, you have flexibility to drop it.

  • Accelerating HSC courses is a great way to do this for high achievers - see Article 4

We strongly advise against keeping a subject but deliberately underperforming in it if you dislike it. Struggling with a subject not only takes up valuable time and effort but can also drag down your overall performance, increase stress, and lower your morale. Seeing poor results can be discouraging, especially when you are forced to engage with a subject you don’t enjoy or need. And your school cohort will not appreciate your lower scores dragging down the overall worth of their school assessments and rankings with your lower scores in the external exams. This is especially important for subjects which are prerequisites for university courses (e.g., Maths Advanced or Chemistry) - if you are significantly struggling but forcing yourself to keep the subject (sometimes in spite of, or deliberately obtaining, bad marks but keeping the subject to meet prerequisites), it may be worth reconsidering whether that career path is the right fit for you rather than disadvantaging yourself, your friends, and your teachers.

Examples of Dropping

There are three common ways students reduce their subject load:

  1. Reducing the level of a subject without dropping it entirely.
  2. Dropping an entire subject.
  3. Dropping an extension subject while keeping its base subject.

Here are some real-world examples of how students approach dropping subjects:

Example 1: Reducing the Level of a Subject (Without Changing Total Units)

Rachel took English Advanced in Year 11, but she felt she underperformed and did not enjoy many aspects of the subject. In Year 12, she decided to drop down to English Standard while keeping the same number of total units. At the same time, she picked up Maths Extension 2, which is only offered in Year 12. As a result, her overall units increased from 11 in Year 11* to 12 in Year 12.

(You might be wondering how it’s possible that Rachel did only 11 units in Year 11, and 12 in Year 12 - this is because she accelerated a subject! The next article covers this unique case.)

Example 2: Dropping an Entire Subject

Scott took Economics in Year 11 but realised it wasn’t for him. In Year 12, he decided to drop it completely. However, he also wanted to take History Extension, which is a 1-unit subject. As a result, he reduced his workload from 12 units in Year 11 to 11 units in Year 12, allowing him to focus on subjects he enjoyed more.

Example 3: Dropping an Extension Subject While Keeping the Base Subject

Mohammed took Economics, Maths Advanced and Maths Extension 1 (3U Maths) in Year 11 (meaning he studied 13 units), but he found that the extra unit was taking time away from his other commitments. To balance his workload, he dropped Economics and Maths Extension 1 in Year 12 and continued with Maths Advanced. This allowed him to focus on his strongest subjects without overloading himself.

Ultimately, the decision to drop a subject should be made carefully, considering both academic performance and personal well-being. While taking more subjects in Year 11 can be beneficial, dropping wisely in Year 12 allows students to focus on their best-performing and most relevant subjects. Balancing interest, ATAR goals, and workload is key to a successful HSC experience.

That’s it for this (short) guide! In the next one, we’ll look at some more interesting and unusual HSC situations and circumstances, and the best way to navigate them to get the most out of your time and effort!

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